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UNIVERSITY   OF   CALIFORNIA  agricultural  ExperimentStation 

College  of  agriculture  e.  j.  wickson,  acting  director 

BERKELEY,  CALIFORNIA 

CIRCULAR  NO.  29 

(June,  1907.) 


PRELIMINARY  ANNOUNCEMENT  CONCERNING 

INSTRUCTION  IN  PRACTICAL  AGRICULTURE  UPON 
THE  UNIVERSITY  FARM 

DAVISVILLE,  CALIFORNIA 

BY 

E.  J.  WICKSON. 


The  University  Farm,  the  selection  and  purchase  of  which  was  provided  for 
by  an  act  of  the  California  Legislature  of  1905,  consists  of  about  780  acres  of 
first-class  valley  land  contiguous  to  the  town  of  Davisville,  in  Yolo  County. 
The  farm  is  upon  the  irrigation  system  of  the  Yolo  Consolidated  Water  Com- 
pany and  water  rights  covering  the  whole  acreage  accrued  to  the  University 
by  donation  from  the  citizens  of  the  vicinity.  The  farm  is  very  eligibly  situ- 
ated at  the  junction  of  the  Oregon  and  Central  overland  railway  routes,  at  a 
distance  of  thirteen  miles  from  the  city  of  Sacramento. 

CHARACTER  OF  INSTRUCTION  ON  THE  UNIVERSITY  FARM. 

The  purposes  of  the  University  Farm  and  the  duties  of  the  Regents  of  the 
University  in  connection  therewith  are  defined  by  the  statute  (Chapter  CXXIX) 
as  follows: 

'  •  They  (the  Regents  of  the  University)  shall  appoint  the  necessary  instruc- 
tors and  inaugurate  and  provide  for  the  conduct  of  instruction  in  agriculture, 
and  in  such  other  branches  of  learning  as  are  allied  thereto,  and  as  are  calcu- 
lated to  better  qualify  and  inform  the  students  attending  in  the  theory  and 
practice  of  agriculture.  This  instruction  shall  be  conducted  in  connection  with, 
and  as  a  part  of,  the  College  of  Agriculture  of  the  University  of  California, 
provisions  being  made  by  the  Regents  for  such  attendance  on  the  farm  of  the 
college  students  as  may  be  deemed  best  and  necessary  to  the  completion  of  their 
college  courses.  The  University  Farm  and  the  instruction  thereon  shall  be  so 
conducted  as  to  meet  the  needs  of  persons  who  desire  instruction  in  agriculture, 
horticulture,  viticulture,  animal  industry,  dairying,  irrigation,  and  poultry  rais- 
ing, and  to  prepare  them  for  the  pursuit  thereof;  and  shall  be  used  for  experi- 
mental and  investigational  work  in  connection  with  the  agricultural  experiment 
station  of  the  University  of  California.  Short  courses  of  instruction  shall  also 
be  arranged  for  in  each  of  the  leading  branches  of  agricultural  industry,  so 
regulated  as  to  provide  for  popular  attendance  and  general  instruction  in  agri- 
cultural practice." 

This  enactment  clearly  indicates  that  the  University  Farm  is  to  be  equipped 
and  conducted  so  as  to  supplement  the  University  courses  in  the  agricultural 


sciences  now  given  at  Berkeley,  with  broad  and  thorough  instruction  in  agri- 
cultural policies  and  practices  which  can  only  be  effectively  administered  upon 
an  actual  farm  which  is  as  widely  as  possible  representative  of  the  conditions 
under  which  agriculture  is  pursued  in  this  State.  It  thus  provides  that  theo- 
retical instruction  of  regular  students  at  the  University  shall  be  followed  by 
such  demonstrations  on  the  farm  as  shall  be  found  expedient.  It  also  provides 
for  distinctly  different  instructional  work,  viz.,  short  courses  in  the  various 
branches  of  farming  which  will  enable  both  young  and  old  to  devote  themselves 
for  short  periods  to  studies  of  the  best  and  most  profitable  ways  to  handle  plants 
and  animals  in  practical  production. 

Obviously  it  is  the  function  of  the  University  Farm  to  demonstrate  specifi- 
cally and  definitely  the  advantages  and  availability  of  processes  and  practices 
which  embody  the  teachings  of  the  latest  researches  in  the  biological  and  eco- 
nomic sciences  and  to  reduce  to  visible  forms  the  results  thereof  and  to  demon- 
strate the  superiority  of  such  forms  by  the  most  practical  tests  of  quality,  of 
commercial  suitability,  and  of  market  value.  In  this  line  of  work,  which  must 
be  considered  as  ultimate  and  supreme  from  a  practical  point  of  view,  the  farm 
will  neither  duplicate  the  instruction  nor  the  equipment  at  Berkeley,  but  will 
be  the  complement  of  them  essential  to  the  attainment  of  a  system  of  agricul- 
tural education  which  shall  best  serve  both  individual  needs  and  the  public 
interest.  It  is  set  forth  in  the  Statute  that  the  instruction  at  the  University 
Farm  shall  be  distinctly  agricultural:  a  reference  to  allied  subjects  is  followed, 
in  the  wording  of  the  law,  by  an  interpretation  of  what  is  to  constitute  such 
alliance,  viz.,  relation  to  better  agriculture.  Thus  the  instruction  is  projected 
and  closed  in  on  a  clearly  agricultural  line.  Two  applications  of  this  instruction 
are  also  clearly  specified:  first,  to  constitute  a  part  of  the  course  for  graduation 
of  regular  students  of  the  College  of  Agriculture;  second,  to  meet  the  needs  of 
all  other  seekers  for  agricultural  knowledge,  through  short,  popular  courses  in 
agricultural  practice.  It  is  the  purpose  of  the  Regents  of  the  University  to 
meet  both  these  specifications  as  amply  as  possible  during  the  coming  fiscal  year, 
as  indicated  in  this  preliminary  announcement  and  as  will  be  more  fully  set 
forth  in  a  more  extended  publication  which  is  now  in  preparation,  and  for  which 
all  interested  are  invited  to  make  early  application.  It  is  our  desire  to  begin 
correspondence  at  once  with  all  who  desire  to  participate  in  the  instruction 
indicated.* 

EQUIPMENT  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  FARM. 

Immediately  upon  the  attainment  of  title  to  the  tract  of  land  at  Davisville 
the  Regents  of  the  University  entered  upon  the  construction  of  buildings  and 
purchase  of  equipment  so  far  as  the  balance  of  the  appropriation  remaining 
after  payments  for  the  land,  made  by  the  commission  empowered  by  the  statute 
for  its  selection  and  purchase,  would  provide  them.  Building  is  now  in  progress 
(June,  1907)  upon  a  capacious  creamery  to  furnish  ample  accommodation  and 
equipment  for  manufacture  of  butter  and  cheese  and  by-products  on  a  com- 
mercial scale,  with  additional  rooms  for  lecture  and  laboratory  instruction. 
There  is  also  in  construction  a  live-stock  pavilion  arranged  to  illustrate  instruc- 
tion by  direct  use  of  animals  and  to  serve  as  a  lecture-room  for  large  classes  in 
other  subjects  and  as  a  general  auditorium.  Contracts  have  also  been  let  for 
the  building  of  cottages  for  instructors  and  foremen.  Appropriation  by  the 
Legislature  of  1907  will  provide  dormitory  accommodations  for  students,  barns. 


and  sheds  for  stock,  simple  buildings  for  horticultural,  viticultural,  and  other 
instruction,  shops  for  farm  mechanics,  sheds  for  tools,  implements,  etc.  Con- 
struction of  such  buildings  will  proceed  as  funds  become  available,  upon  the 
plan  of  providing  plain  and  serviceable  buildings,  congruous  in  style,  and  with 
cost  so  adjusted  to  uses  that  they  will  serve  as  models  to  those  contemplating 
buildings  for  similar  uses.  They  will  be  practical  farm  buildings  of  pleasing 
aspect  combining  suitability  for  production,  in  the  various  lines  which  they  are 
planned  to  serve,  with  capacity  adequate  to  the  satisfactory  handling  of  pupils 
in  these  lines. 

Animals  of  various  kinds  for  breeding  and  production,  together  with  tools 
and  machinery  for  operation  on  a  plan  of  mixed  husbandry,  are  being  selected 
for  purchase.  As  much  as  possible  of  such  equipment  will  be  assembled  on  the 
farm  before  the  beginning  of  the  courses  of  instruction  in  which  it  will  serve 
as  demonstrative  material.  During  the  coming  year  orchards  and  vineyards 
will  be  planted,  pastures  provided,  hay  and  feed  grains  grown,  and  arrange- 
ments made  for  continuous  operation  as  a  producing  and  instructional  farm.  As 
time  goes  on  extensions  will  be  undertaken  until  the  University  Farm  realizes 
the  requirements  of  the  law  creating  it,  viz.,  "successfully  producing  the  gen- 
eral crops  of  the  State  and  as  many  as  may  be  of  all  the  crops  and  products 
successfully  grown  in  California. ' ' 

ANNOUNCEMENT  OF  SHORT  COUESES. 

The  first  offering  of  instruction  in  Agriculture  on  the  University  Farm  will 
consist  of  a  series  of  short  courses  calculated  to  meet  the  demand  for  knowledge 
of  particular  branches  of  California  farming,  and  at  the  same  time  to  connect 
these  short  courses  so  that  one  electing  to  pursue  them  consecutively  could 
obtain  a  general  insight  into  all  of  the  most  prominent  lines  of  agricultural 
effort  in  this  State  and  be  aided  in  choosing  from  them  the  directions  of  his 
own  undertakings.  Intending  pupils  are  therefore  invited  to  enroll  themselves 
for  one  or  more  of  the  courses  offered.  Attendance  is  not  required  except  during 
the  progress  of  each  course  which  the  pupil  elects. 

CALENDAR  OF  SHORT  COURSES,  1907-08. 

Dairy  School.— Wednesday,  October  2  to  Tuesday,  November  26. 

Animal  Industry  and  Veterinary  Science.— Wednesday,  October  30,  to  Tues- 
day, November  26. 

Cereal  Culture.— Wednesday,  November  6,  to  Tuesday,  November  26. 

Irrigation  and  General  Agriculture.— Tuesday,  December  3,  to  Saturday, 
December  21. 

Wine  Making  and  Wine  Testing.— Thursday,  January  2,  to  Wednesday, 
January  8. 

Grape  Growing.  — Thursday,  January  9,  to  Wednesday,  January  15. 

Orchard  Practice  and  Protection.— Thursday,  January  16,  to  Wednesday, 
February  5. 

INSTRUCTORS  FOR  SHORT  COURSES. 

The  general  plan  of  this  short-course  work  will  be  to  set  forth,  by  lectures 
or  informal  talks,  the  theory  of  a  subject  and  to  follow  with  demonstration  and 


practice  work  until  both  the  reasons  for  a  method  or  process  and  the  ability  to 
actually  perform  it  are  mastered  by  the  pupil.  Manifestly  this  will  require  the 
services  of  many  instructors,  because  each  must  be  a  specialist  and  work  his 
own  particular  line.  It  is  expected  that  instructors  will  be  announced  in  four 
groups  for  each  short  course,  viz. : 

Honorary  Advisors,  who  shall  be  selected  from  leading  California  farmers 
and  fruit  growers  to  attend  during  such  period  as  may  be  convenient  to  them 
while  the  subject  in  which  each  of  them  has  achieved  success  is  under  discus- 
sion. They  will  advise  students  concerning  the  pursuit  of  such  branches  in 
Calffornia,  either  by  informal  talks  or  through  conversation,  and  they  are  ex- 
pected to  constitute  a  particular  force  and  agency  in  reducing  instruction  to 
practical  pertinence  and  value.  It  will  be  both  for  edification  and  inspiration 
that  pupils  will  be  brought  into  immediate  personal  contact  with  such  men  and 
women  in  each  of  the  leading  specialties  of  California  agriculture. 

Special  Lecturers,  who  shall  be  selected  from  those  who  have  given  partic- 
ular attention  to  the  relations  of  agriculture  to  other  occupations  of  men,  to  the 
economics  of  production,  to  commerce,  to  good  citizenship,  etc.,  and  their  func- 
tion shall  be  to  broaden  instruction  and  suggest  ways  in  which  pupils  can  not 
only  become  better  farmers  but  better  men  and  women,  rising  to  a  higher 
conception  of  their  duties  to  the  state  and  humanity. 

Regular  Lecturers,  who  shall  be  thorough  experts  in  the  matters  pertaining 
to  each  short  course  and  experienced  in  giving  instruction  therein.  They  shall 
be  selected  from  the  faculty  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  of  the  University  of 
California  and  from  other  institutions  distinguished  in  agricultural  instruction,, 
for  brief  terms  of  service  in  which  to  present  their  special  subjects.  It  devolves 
upon  them  to  present  systematic,  theoretical  instruction  and  to  direct  demon- 
strations and  practice  work. 

Instructors  and  Demonstrators  shall  be  selected  for  full  knowledge  of  details 
of  the  best  practice  and  understanding  of  the  reasons  involved  therein,  and 
they  shall  supplement  the  work  of  Lecturers  by  carrying  out  such  systematic 
practical  instruction  as  they  shall  prescribe. 

In  presenting  such  a  broad  scheme  of  instruction  it  is  planned  to  make  the 
Short  Courses  attractive  and  useful  to  youth  and  adults  alike,  to  help  the  suc- 
cessful with  new  truth  and  suggestions  of  methods,  to  give  those  who  wish  to 
increase  their  efficiency  and  success  better  understanding  of  ways  and  means, 
and  to  encourage  and  inspire  beginners  with  new  insight  and  understanding. 
The  fuller  announcement  of  the  University  Farm  Instruction,  to  which  refer- 
ence has  been  made,  will  indicate  the  persons  who  will  perform  the  functions 
which  have  been  outlined  above. 

In  the  exceedingly  interesting  educational  undertaking  which  the  Univer- 
sity Farm  provides  for,  the  purpose  of  adapting  instruction  to  California 
conditions  will  be  held  steadily  in  view.  California  agriculture  is  an  epitome 
of  the  agricultural  science  and  art  of  the  continental  United  States.  It  is 
broader  in  scope  and  different  in  detail  from  that  of  any  other  State  and  in- 
volves a  wider  application  of  principles  which  are  universal.  With  these 
natural  advantages  and  with  the  generous  appreciation  of  the  value  of  educa- 
tion which  is  characteristic  of  the  California  people,  there  should  be  ultimately 
attained  in  this  State  a  system  of  agricultural  instruction  which  for  soundness 
of  pedagogic  principles  and  applicability  to  breadth  of  agricultural  needs  will 
be  unique  among  the  educational  institutions  of  the  country. 


OUTLINES  OF  SHORT  COURSES 

DAIRY  SCHOOL. 
Wednesday,  October  :J,  to  Tuesday,  November  26. 

This  course  is  designed  to  meet  the  needs  of  all  persons  who  are  engaged  in 
the  various  lines  of  dairy  manufacture  and  desire  to  make  themselves  more 
familiar  with  the  principles  underlying  the  manufacture  of  milk  products  and 
the  application  of  those  principles  to  actual  practice,  to  the  end  that  they  may 
know  how  to  turn  out  an  improved  product.  The  method  of  instruction  and  the 
work  done  will  apply  equally  to  the  needs  of  all  those  who  are  manufacturing 
milk  products,  whether  it  be  in  the  ranch  dairy  using  improved  appliances,  or 
in  the  large  creamery  or  cheese  factory.  The  advance  in  dairy  practice  has 
been  so  rapid  and  the  intimate  relation  of  science  to  dairying  has  been  shown 
to  be  so  close  during  the  past  few  years,  that  it  is  difficult  for  the  person  in 
ordinary  practice  to  fully  understand  all  that  has  been  done  and  the  benefits  it 
may  bring  him  in  his  work.  The  new  Dairy  Building,  with  its  equipment  of 
modern  machinery  and  in  the  hands  of  trained  instructors,  is  designed  to  offer 
an  easy  and  quick  means  of  coming  into  close  touch  with  what  science  is  doing 
for  the  dairy  industry,  and  to  learn  the  why  as  well  as  the  how  of  scientific 
methods  of  dairying. 

The  creameiy  department  will  be  fitted  up  with  the  most  modern  apparatus 
for  making  butter.  Centrifugal  separators  of  the  latest  style  and  representing 
several  types  will  be  in  daily  use.  The  new  forms  of  pasteurizers  and  cream 
ripeners  will  be  used  to  show  their  value  in  influencing  the  quality  of  the  cream. 
The  students  will  do  the  entire  work  of  butter-making,  from  receiving,  weigh- 
ing, and  sampling  the  milk,  to  separating  and  ripening  the  cream,  and- churning, 
working,  and  packing  the  butter. 

The  department  of  cheese-making  will  deal  particularly  with  making  cheese 
of  the  Cheddar  variety.  Small  vats  will  be  used  so  that  each  student  may  do 
more  of  the  actual  work,  and  attend  personally  to  the  development  from  the 
time  the  milk  enters  the  vat  until  the  finished  cheese  is  ready  for  market.  The 
use  of  the  rennet  test  in  determining  the  ripeness  of  the  milk  will  be  shown,  and 
the  use  of  the  "starters"  in  cheese-making  demonstrated. 

Thorough  training  in  the  use  of  the  Babcock  test  in  determining  the  per  cent. 
of  fat  in  all  dairy  products  will  be  given. 

Exceptional  opportunities  to  become  familiar  with  the  elementary  principles 
of  dairy  bacteriology  will  be  offered  students.  The  keeping  qualities  and  gen- 
eral marketability  of  dairy  products  largely  depend  upon  the  intelligent  appli- 
cation of  bacteriological  principles. 

Courses  in  the  practical  operation  of  dairy  machinery  will  include  the  fol- 
lowing subjects:  Lectures  and  laboratory  exercises  in  the  care  and  practical 
operation  of  steam  boilers  and  engines,  including  the  setting  of  slide  valves, 
lining  up  of  machinery,  arrangement  of  pulleys  to  obtain  proper  speeds,  different 
types  of  pumps-,  refrigerating  machinery,  practical  instruction  in  plain  soldering, 
packing,  pipe  fitting,  etc. 

ANIMAL  INDUSTRY  AND  VETERINARY  SCIENCE. 
Wednesday,  October  30,  to  Tuesday,  November  26. 

The  course  in  Animal  Industry  will  deal  with  all  lines  of  work  which  pertain 
to  the  judging,  breeding,  feeding,  development  and  care,  and  management  of 
the  various  breeds  and  classes  of  farm  animals.  Students  will  be  given  practice 
in  judging  by  score  cards  and  the  official  scale  of  points  for  the  different  breeds. 
Later,  comparative  judging  will  be  introduced  and  each  student  required  to 
place  the  animals  in  order  of  merit  and  give  full  reasons  for  making  his  awards. 

The  new  live-stock  pavilion  will  provide  ample  room  for  the  classes  in  live- 
stock judging  and  students  will  devote  a  large  part  of  their  time  to  this  work. 
By  the  time  the  course  commences  we  shall  have  good  representatives  of  most 


6 

of  the  leading  breeds  of  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine.  As  it  is  impossible  for 
the  University  to  own  all  the  animals  that  might  be  desired,  arrangements  are 
being  made  to  secure  the  use  of  representative  animals  from  some  of  our  leading 
breeders. 

The  work  in  feeding  will  include  a  discussion  of  the  principles  of  nutrition 
and  their  practical  application  to  feeding;  the  relation  of  food  to  animal  life 
for  producing  milk,  wool,  growth,  or  maintenance;  how  to  compound  rations, 
and  the  rearing  of  young  stock. 

Tn  addition  to  the  lectures  and  practice  work  given  by  the  regular  staff,  it  is 
intended  to  have  a  number  of  lectures  by  men  who  have  made  a  success  in 
animal  industry  work  in  this  State.  These  special  lectures,  and  the  opportunity 
they  will  afford  the  student  of  discussing  with  such  men  every  phase  of  the 
work,  will  alone  be  of  the  greatest  value. 

Veterinary  instruction  will  have  an  important  place  in  the  curriculum.  The 
maintenance  of  the  general  health  and  the  control  of  the  diseases  of  farm  ani- 
mals is  of  fundamental  importance.  A  recognition  of  the  principles  and  the 
application  of  the  methods  of  veterinary  science  to  the  live-stock  industry  are 
essential  to  its  most  profitable  management.  The  instruction  will  be  strictly 
practical  and  well  illustrated  by  actual  surgical  and  medical  demonstrations  on 
clinical  material. 

CEREAL  CULTURE. 

Wednesday,  November  6,  to  Tuesday,  November  26. 

The  lectures  in  this  course  will  have  to  deal  with  the  practical  problems 
which  confront  the  grower  of  cereals  in  California,  and  also  a  discussion  of  the 
methods  employed  for  improving  grains  both  as  to  the  production  per  acre  and 
quality.  Demonstrations  of  methods,  materials,  and  machinery  will  be  as  full 
as  possible.  In  the  general  line  of  cereal  growing,  these  will  cover  soils  and 
their  preparation  for  cereals:  methods  of  conserving  fertility  in  cereal  culture, 
plowing  and  seeding  methods,  harvesting  methods.  There  will  also  be  lectures 
and  demonstrations  on  the  leading  cereal  plants,  the  methods  of  improvement 
including  crossing  of  varieties.  Special  consideration  will  be  given  to  the 
varieties  of  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  corn,  and  their  adaptations.  This  course 
should  attract  growers  to  the  effort  to  make  out  clearly  the  present  situation  in 
cereal  production  and  the  outlook. 

IRRIGATION  AND  GENERAL  FARMING. 

Tuesday,  December  3,  to  Saturday,  December  21. 

A  fundamental  feature  of  this  course  will  be  lectures  and  demonstrations  of 
the  nature  and  derivation  of  soils,  with  particular  reference  to  California,  and 
the  relations  thereof  to  plant  growth  and  crop  production. 

A  leading  place  will  be  given  to  a  course  in  Irrigation  Practice,  the  purpose 
of  which  will  be  to  give  a  practical  working  knowledge  of  those  features  of 
irrigation  engineering  needed  in  laying  out  the  ditches  and  laterals  on  a  farm, 
preparing  the  land  for  the  application  of  water,  and  in  measuring  the  amount 
of  water  used.  It  will  include  methods  of  using  leveling  instruments  and  ad- 
justing them  when  out  of  order,  of  keeping  notes  of  the  lines  run,  and  of  staking 
out  ditches  and  laterals  and  calculating  the  yardage  of  earth  to  be  moved  and 
the  tools  used  in  their  excavation.  This  will  be  followed  by  instruction  in  the 
different  methods  of  applying  water  to  fields  in  use  in  this  State,  or  which  may 
be  used  to  advantage,  and  the  relation  of  different  methods  of  applying  water 
to  different  soils,  the  influences  which  affect  the  amount  of  water  lost  by  seep- 
age and  evaporation,  and  the  effect  of  irrigation  in  bringing  alkali  to  the 
surface.  The  course  will  conclude  with  an  explanation  of  the  principles  which 
govern  the  flow  of  running  water,  and  practical  demonstrations  and  illustrations 
©f  the  methods  of  measuring  water.  Instruction  will  consist  of  lectures  and 
field  practice. 

Another  feature  of  the  General  Farming  Course  will  be  lectures  in  beet- 
sugar  culture  which  will  have  to  deal  with  the  practical  growing  of  sugar  beets 
under  field  conditions.     The  course  will  be  specially  interesting  to  those  who 


contemplate  entering  upon  the  growing  of  beets.  It  will  deal  with  all  those 
problems  which  are  likely  to  confront  the  grower,  especially  such  persons  as 
are  entering  upon  the  production  of  this  crop  for  the  first  time.  Notwithstand- 
ing this  course  is  planned  for  those  who  are  to  engage  in  the  production  of  beets 
for  the  manufacture  of  sugar,  yet  it  will  be  of  interest  to  those  who  are  desirous 
of  growing  beets  or  other  roots  for  purposes  of  cattle  food. 

Other  subjects,  including  general  farm  policies  and  methods,  the  construc- 
tion, operation,  and  efficiency  tests  of  farm  implements  and  machines,  will  be 
provided  for.  The  principles  and  practices  of  fertilization  and  the  operation  of 
the  California  fertilizer  control  law  will  also  be  set  forth. 

There  will  also  be  lectures  upon  farm  life;  the  relations  of  the  farmer  to 
those  pursuing  other  vocations;  the  scope  and  function  of  farmers '  organiza- 
tions; the  place  of  the  farmer  in  public  affairs;  recent  developments  in  agri- 
cultural education;  and  other  broad  and  inspiring  lines  of  contemplation  and 
discussion. 

WINE  MAKING  AND  WINE  TESTING. 

Thursday,  January  2,  to  Wednesday,  January  8. 

This  course  is  intended  for  wine-makers  who  already  know  something  of  the 
ordinary  practice  in  California  and  desire  to  perfect  themselves  in  their  art. 
It  will  be  confined  exclusively  to  the  manufacture  of  dry  wine,  the  time  being 
too  short  to  touch  on  sweet  wines  and  the  various  subsidiary  industries  con- 
nected with  wine-making. 

The  subjects  which  will  be  given  especial  attention  in  the  lectures  are  the 
economical  utilization  and  amelioration  of  grapes,  the  control  of  fermentation 
by  means  of  pure  yeast,  cooling  machines  and  sulfites,  and  the  various  opera- 
tions of  defecation,  racking,  pasteurization,  filtering,  and  fining  used  in  the 
completion  and  aging  of  wines. 

The  laboratory  course  is  designed  to  give  cellar  men  the  knowledge  of  those 
chemical  and  physical  tests  which  are  necessary  for  the  production  and  proper 
handling  of  wine,  and  will  consist  in  practical  determinations  of  alcohol,  solid 
contents,  sugar,  acid,  and  color  in  wines. 

There  will  be  ten  lectures,  two  each  day,  on  the  above  topics,  and  the  re- 
mainder of  the  time  will  be  devoted  to  laboratory  work. 

GRAPE  GROWING. 

Thursday,  January  9,  to  Wednesday,  January  15. 

This  course  will  consist  of  a  short  outline  of  the  main  operations  concerned 
in  the  planting  and  growing  of  grapes  in  California;  especial  emphasis  being 
given  to  the  modern  developments  of  the  art  and  to  tkose  things  in  which  ordi- 
nary Californian  practice  is  defective.  It  is  intended  to  be  useful  to  those  who 
have  had  little  or  no  experience  in  viticulture  and  to  those  more  experienced 
growers  who  wish  to  learn  something  of  improved  methods.  Particular  atten- 
tion will  be  given  to  the  proper  preparation  of  the  land  for  planting,  the  hand- 
ling of  resistant  vines,  and  the  various  types  of  pruning  suitable  for  our  principal 
wine,  raisin,  and  table  grapes. 

The  course  will  consist  of  ten  lectures,  two  each  day,  on  planting,  pruning, 
grafting,  fertilization,  sulfuring,  and  some  special  topics  concerning  raisins  and 
table  grapes.  The  rest  of  the  time  will  b^  devoted  to  practical  exercises  in 
grafting,  pruning,  and  tests  of  sulfuring  methods. 

ORCHARD  PRACTICE  AND  PROTECTION. 

Thursday,  January  16,  to  Wednesday,  February  5. 

The  design  of  this  course  is  to  demonstrate  and  explain  the  methods  by 
which  the  best  form,  thrift,  and  productiveness  of  various  fruit  trees  are  secured 
in  California.  It  will  proceed  from  the  propagation  of  the  tree  in  nursery  prac- 
tice to  the  planting  in  orchard,  the  subsequent  training  of  the  young  tree  and 


8 

its  handling  after  attaining  bearing  age,  involving,  of  course,  pruning,  culti- 
vation, the  growth  of  cover  crops,  and  other  matters  involved  in  orchard  prac- 
tice and  policy.  There  will  also  be  discussions  of  the  requirements  of  different 
fruits  and  how  they  are  met  by  California  conditions,  their  economic  importance 
and  commercial  outlook,  and  the  best  methods  of  rendering  them  suitable  for 
the  world's  trade.  The  place  of  fruit  growing  in  schemes  of  mixed  farming 
practicable  and.  profitable  in  California  will  also  be  suggestively  considered. 
The  course  will,  in  a  word,  be  planned  to  afford  all  inquirers  after  knowledge 
in  fruit-growing  activities  and  investments  such  insight  and  understanding  as 
1  hey  desire.  Some  features  of  the  work  will  be  rendered  directly  practical 
t  hrough  the  laying  out  and  planting  of  the  University  Farm  orchards  during 
the  progress  of  the  course.  There  will  be  a  number  of  qualified  instructors  in 
the  various  phases  of  the  industry. 

Instruction  in  Orchard  Protection  will  be  provided  by  full  discussions  and 
demonstrations  of  the  various  injurious  insects  affecting  California  fruits, 
methods  of  checking  their  ravages,  and  materials  and  appliances  used  in  Cali- 
fornia insect  warfare.  Similar  treatment  will  be  given  to  plant  diseases,  em- 
bracing the  various  mildews,  blights,  etc.,  with  which  fruit-growers  have  to 
contend.  This  course  will  also  be  made  practical  by  the  examination  and  use 
of  insecticides  and  fungicides,  and  the  machinery  employed  for  their  application 
in  the  orchard. 

REQUIREMENTS  OF  PUPILS  IN  SHORT  COURSES. 

There  will  be  no  charge  for  tuition,  but  the  pupil  will  be  required  to  deposit 
a  small  fee  to  cover  cost  of  material  used  in  laboratory  or  practice  work.  Pupils 
will  also  be  expected  to  provide  themselves  with  a  few  text -books  if  these  are 
required  by  instructors.  Pupils  will  also  arrange  for  their  own  board  and  lodg- 
ing in  the  town  of  Davisville  or  elsewhere,  as  they  see  fit.  Information  will  be 
given  at  the  farm  as  to  location  and  cost  of  accommodations  which  are  avail- 
able. Although  the  construction  of  dormitory  and  boarding  halls  will  proceed 
as  rapidly  as  possible,  they  can  hardly  be  expected  to  be  in  readiness  for  this 
year's  pupils. 

There  is  no  restriction  as  to  age  or  sex  of  short-course  pupils  and  no  absolute 
educational  qualification  for  enrollment.  It  is  expected,  however,  that  pupils 
will  be  mature  enough  to  cherish  a  definite  purpose  and  proficient  enough  in 
common  branches  of  knowledge  to  understand  instruction  and  to  make  such 
records  of  work  as  the  instructors  may  require. 

LONGER  COURSES  ON  THE  UNIVERSITY  FARM. 

It  is  expected  that  more  systematic  instruction  covering  longer  periods  of 
time  will  be  speedily  provided  both  for  regular  students  in  the  College  of  Agri- 
culture and  for-  others.  Students  will  also  be  required  to  do  actual  farm  work 
at  least  to  the  extent  of  demonstrating  their  efficiency  in  it,  and  student  labor 
will  be  employed  as  far  as  practicable  in  all  the  farming  operations,  thus  reduc- 
ing cost  of  maintenance  to  those  who  desire  to  partially  provide  for  themselves 
in  this  way.  Announcement  of  opportunity  for  residence  and  instruction  on  the 
farm  for  stated  periods  will  be  made  later. 

All  persons  desiring  further  information  by  correspondence  may  address: 
Dean  of  the  College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  California,  Berkeley. 


